Financial derivatives are financial contracts linked to the value of an underlying asset. They are considered advanced financial instruments used for a variety of purposes, from speculation to generating potential returns. These instruments are effective in hedging and provide a means of accessing additional assets and markets for investment. The value of financial derivatives is derived from the current value of the underlying asset, and this value changes based on market conditions. Derivatives are used…

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Human development is the process of expanding people's choices and capabilities by building human capital, so that the needs of current generations are met as equitably as possible, without compromising the rights of future generations. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It relies on three main pillars: the relationship between human development and development...

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The market in the world of economics is defined as a group of individuals and establishments who wish to exchange interests between each other. The market can be on the ground, or it can be virtual, such as electronic markets that are managed via the Internet, meaning that the market has no geographical borders. The market is defined in classical theory as a theoretical place where supply and demand meet...

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Economic system refers to the set of economic and legal relationships that manage the life of a society at a specific time. This system influences the organization of mutual relationships between individuals and resources, especially natural resources. Economic systems are considered an important subject that is subject to study and development, as they aim to meet individual needs and solve problems related to the scarcity of resources and the diversity of human needs. Types of economic systems: institutions comprising…

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First: Monetary Policy: Monetary policy is the policy taken by the financial authority in a country to control circulating interest rates and the money supply with the aim of influencing the economy. The objectives of monetary policy are to control inflation to ensure price stability and the stability of the national currency. These goals are achieved by changing interest rates and managing the money supply. There are two main types of monetary policies:...

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Capital control is a type of measure that includes benefits on residency, such as transaction taxes or other restrictions, which a country's government can use to regulate flows from global capital markets to its domestic capital account. Maintaining fiscal consolidation is essential for macroeconomic stability and improved economic performance. Despite the importance of strengthening fiscal consolidation,…

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The business cycle or economic cycle is known for its upward and downward movement around GDP growth in the long run. While inflation is defined as a continuous rise in the price level. Inflation affects the business cycle, such that if inflation expectations are correct, the cyclical economy operates at full employment. If aggregate demand increases faster than expected, real GNP increases above...

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Depository institutions are financial entities that receive deposits from individuals and businesses, exchanging them for the payment of interest. The term “depository institutions” also refers to entities in which money or property is deposited for storage or protection. These institutions could be banks, associations, or bodies that hold securities and assets in securities trading operations...

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The Group of Twenty (G20) is an international group of 20 countries that represent about 80% of global GDP, two-thirds of the world's population, and more than half of global trade. The group was founded in 1999, with the aim of discussing global economic and financial issues, and promoting international cooperation. G20 members: Argentina Australia Brazil Canada China European Union France Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan...

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Morocco faces significant challenges associated with climate change, including sea level rise, reduced rainfall, increasing temperatures, changing weather patterns, impacts on biodiversity, and impacts on the economy. Challenges and Response Efforts Morocco has realized the importance of combating climate change, and has taken many measures in this regard. These measures include: In addition to the challenges and efforts mentioned...

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